Key 5G NR Technical Characteristics

4G vs. 5G vs. 6G: Frequency Range Comparison (Indicative)!

DSS - Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Related Articles

There are many negative comments on DSS, where some vendors are declaring it affects existing LTE and its performance a lot. In a way, yes, but there are solutions to optimize that. It requires some thought process in your network build. One Key Decision point will be, It supports smooth evolution from sub-3G bands/resources to 5G. Is there is any other method?

DSS - Dynamic Spectrum Sharing #5G & #4G, has its share of performance issues due to certain limitations in the underlying technologies. However, there are efforts to address them with some enhancements.

Source: 3GPP TSG-RAN Meeting #84 – RP 191042/191052/191490 & #Ericsson

#Ericsson leads in this space to strengthen its "ESS" offering while others are scrambling elsewhere.

Ref: https://lnkd.in/dVBhfcq

#5gnr #5g #4g #5gnr #volte #5gc #5gtechnology #5gnetwork #lte #5gnetworks #openran #smallcell #vran #5GC #strategy

The journey of telecom to 2025 Era !!!

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5G Vision: key e2e operator requirements

Lets cover the concept, use cases, requirements - Technology/Elements..etc...

Regular Updates @ Linkedin Post

5G Uses Cases :-

5G Requirements :-

5G System and Packet Core - Requirements

• A RAN technology agnostic packet core 

• Independent Changes and enhancements to one equipment/network domain s

• A decoupling of Hardware and Software functions of network elements in all network domains [ToC/NFV]

• Optimized Cost and effort, to achieve smoother upgrade path and leverage existing infrastructure

• Real-time and on demand network - SDN/NFV

• Flexible and cost efficient network operation

• Maximize utilization efficiency of available network resources (new/existing)

• Dynamic relocation of network resources depending on current and local needs, fully controlled by operator with automation

5G Key Technologies :-

5G RAN Evolution - Expected :-

5G RAN Evolution - by NOKIA :-

5G RAN Evolution - by Huawei:-

5G Trials - Megafon Russia with Huawei

• Huawei and prototype devices based on Qualcomm Snapdragon X16 LTE.
• The peak download speed during the test is 1.24 GB/s.
• Aggregation of 3 carriers: 20 + 20 MHz Band7 (2600 FDD)

and 20 MHz in Band 3 (1800 MHz, FDD),

• Modulation 256 QAM,
• Technology MIMO 4×4.

5G Trials - KT Korea and Ericsson

• Tested speed 25.3 Gbps
• Millimeter Wave (mmWave) with Multi-user, Multiple Input, Multiple Output (Mu-MIMO)
• It is over 80 times faster than the current LTE-A.
• KT is aiming to provide 5G trial services for the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympics.

References :-

1. 5G Whitepaper by NGMN
2. 5G: System and Core Aspects  - Farooq Bari - AT & T - Presentation to ATIS.org
3. 5G Concept by IMT-2020 (5G) promotion group -China
4. Android Authority Article on 5G
5. NOKIA Vision on 5G Radio Technologies
6. 3GPP - RAN 5G Workshop

Open Queries :-

How about terminals ? are they ready ?

Terminals capability - new and legacy RATs / procedures ?

5G Technology Objectives

BIG DATA analysis has proven that it can add value to existing business and provide innovative solutions. This leads to revolutionize the business ideas across globe.

It requires a natural partner in terms of broadband connectivity on the fly to help business community in thriving the world economy. ICT Community's main aim to serve this requirement and  empower the growing demands of rural communities. This relationship outlines required objectives for 5G Technologies as stated below.

• 5G Networks will be able to serve 100 billion connections.
• 10 Gb/s will be the data rate per user,
• 5G Netwoks will have new RAT + LTE+LTE-A+WiFi+GSM+HSPA.
• 5G Netowkrs may serve 3 folds of world population in M2M connections.

Figure-1 : 5G Network A theoretical view

Figure-2 : 5G Service Objective Cube

SRVCC - Single Radio Voice Call Continuity : Is it possible in India ?

Most of the existing operators having heavily invested CS Core network elements across the entire country. Launching IMS Core as a replacement for these network elements is not a easy jobs from the economical and practically not that easy.

Geography & Customer base are huge with highly complex interconnects across the nation.

SRVCC requires top quality GERAN/UTRAN .

Which is still a question mark....due to many factors including the above pointed Geo + Population.

Even-though Reliance JIO starting with LTE + IMS Core , it may not have a strong target GERAN/UTRAN network. I don't think that there is a partner to do so, instead they may opt for CSFB which helps RJIO and its partner in more better way in terms of implementation.

The 1800 MHz they have acquired is not for GERAN/UTRAN instead they may use it for LTE-FDD Network.

So conclusively, SRVCC may not come to India...

Figure 1 :- SRVCC Concept Diagram from Radisys Whitepaper

SRVCC Background :-

With IMS as core (already deployed), SRVCC become the ultimate choice for Japanese and US mobile operators to provide multimedia services. It was easy for them to go for SRVCC instead of troublesome CSFB ( only in congested areas) with complicated requirements in terms of tecchnical capabilities at UE & Network.

Figure 2 :- SRVCC ecosystem

Figure 3 :- SRVCC Evolution Path

SK Telecom - South Korea : LTE Network Evolution Strategy Diagram

SK Telecom is the leading operator in South Korea with close to 16 Million Subscriber. Which is 56% of their total customer base.

SK has 47% share in the total south Korean LTE Subscriber base i.e. 33.83 Million.

• CA
• Multiband CA
• FDD+TDD CA
• Repeaters

           etc....

5G Technology Candidate :- Authorized Shared Access (ASA)

Authorized Shared Access (ASA) -- a new technology that enables dynamic access to underutilized spectrum frequencies is becoming a forerunner to become a 5G Technology or part of it.

Cognitive Radio Trial Environment (CORE) is the consortium performing the required field tests and  product development.
NOKIA is the lead in this work group.

The key concept is, mobile operators to share unused frequency bands from TV broadcast networks/ WiFi Networks / Licensed / unlicensed spectrum, with robust quality of service for both parties [ The source and the target ]. This requires a highly complex logical system to work at all the sides to ensure the offloading in sync with different access technologies.Also the objective covers a minimum impact to UE, including software/hardware changes.

Advantages of 700 MHz spectrum over a 2500 MHz spectrum

Just like somebody explained long back... " lower the frequency longer the distance" ...   :-))

Reference : http://sunilmobiletelecom.blogspot.in/2014/08/apt700-700-mhz-band-auction-for-mobile.html

It is a proven theory that a LTE 700 MHz is going to be a killer in case of LTE Services before 450 MHz can make a pitch in the competition. Because many of the major LTE markets are already having strong push to deploy 700 Mhz spectrum.

Both FDD/TDD modes are available in 700 MHz spectrum.

The below pictures are self explanatory of benefits/advantages over other spectrum...

 Figure 1 : Rural LTE Coverage for 700 MHz spectrum

 Figure 2 : Rural LTE Coverage for 2500 MHz spectrum

 Figure 3 : Urban LTE Coverage for 700 MHz spectrum

 Figure 4 : Urban LTE Coverage for 2500 MHz spectrum

 Figure 5 : Urban LTE Coverage comparison for 700 & 2500 MHz spectrum for Rural area

 Figure 6 : Urban LTE Coverage comparison for 700 & 2500 MHz spectrum for Urban area

 Figure 7 : LTE Bands and Frequency Bands

 Figure 8 : LTE Bands and Frequency Bands used by Australian LTE Networks

 Figure 9 : LTE Bands and Frequency Bands used by US LTE Networks

 Figure 10 : LTE Bands and Frequency Bands used by Indian LTE Networks